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# Security Documentation
**Bakery IA Platform - Consolidated Security Guides**
---
## Overview
This directory contains comprehensive, production-ready security documentation for the Bakery IA platform. Our infrastructure has been hardened from a **D- security grade to an A- grade** through systematic implementation of industry best practices.
### Security Achievement Summary
- **15 databases secured** (14 PostgreSQL + 1 Redis)
- **100% TLS encryption** for all database connections
- **Strong authentication** with 32-character cryptographic passwords
- **Data persistence** with PersistentVolumeClaims preventing data loss
- **Audit logging** enabled for all database operations
- **Compliance ready** for GDPR, PCI-DSS, and SOC 2
### Security Grade Improvement
| Metric | Before | After |
|--------|--------|-------|
| Overall Grade | D- | A- |
| Critical Issues | 4 | 0 |
| High-Risk Issues | 3 | 0 |
| Medium-Risk Issues | 4 | 0 |
---
## Documentation Guides
### 1. [Database Security Guide](./database-security.md)
**Complete guide to database security implementation**
Covers database inventory, authentication, encryption (transit & rest), data persistence, backups, audit logging, compliance status, and troubleshooting.
**Best for:** Understanding overall database security, troubleshooting database issues, backup procedures
### 2. [RBAC Implementation Guide](./rbac-implementation.md)
**Role-Based Access Control across all microservices**
Covers role hierarchy (4 roles), subscription tiers (3 tiers), service-by-service access matrix (250+ endpoints), implementation code examples, and testing strategies.
**Best for:** Implementing access control, understanding subscription limits, securing API endpoints
### 3. [TLS Configuration Guide](./tls-configuration.md)
**Detailed TLS/SSL setup and configuration**
Covers certificate infrastructure, PostgreSQL TLS setup, Redis TLS setup, client configuration, deployment procedures, verification, and certificate rotation.
**Best for:** Setting up TLS encryption, certificate management, diagnosing TLS connection issues
### 4. [Security Checklist](./security-checklist.md)
**Production deployment and verification checklist**
Covers pre-deployment prep, phased deployment (weeks 1-6), verification procedures, post-deployment tasks, maintenance schedules, and emergency procedures.
**Best for:** Production deployment, security audits, ongoing maintenance planning
## Quick Start
### For Developers
1. **Authentication**: All services use JWT tokens
2. **Authorization**: Use role decorators from `shared/auth/access_control.py`
3. **Database**: Connections automatically use TLS
4. **Secrets**: Never commit credentials - use Kubernetes secrets
### For Operations
1. **TLS Certificates**: Stored in `infrastructure/tls/`
2. **Backup Script**: `scripts/encrypted-backup.sh`
3. **Password Rotation**: `scripts/generate-passwords.sh`
4. **Monitoring**: Check audit logs regularly
## Compliance Status
| Requirement | Status |
|-------------|--------|
| GDPR Article 32 (Encryption) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
| PCI-DSS Req 3.4 (Transit Encryption) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
| PCI-DSS Req 3.5 (At-Rest Encryption) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
| PCI-DSS Req 10 (Audit Logging) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
| SOC 2 CC6.1 (Access Control) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
| SOC 2 CC6.6 (Transit Encryption) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
| SOC 2 CC6.7 (Rest Encryption) | ✅ COMPLIANT |
## Security Architecture
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ API GATEWAY │
│ - JWT validation │
│ - Rate limiting │
│ - TLS termination │
└──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
│
▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ SERVICE LAYER │
│ - Role-based access control (RBAC) │
│ - Tenant isolation │
│ - Permission validation │
│ - Audit logging │
└──────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┘
│
▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ DATA LAYER │
│ - TLS encrypted connections │
│ - Strong authentication (scram-sha-256) │
│ - Encrypted secrets at rest │
│ - Column-level encryption (pgcrypto) │
│ - Persistent volumes with backups │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## Critical Security Features
### Authentication
- JWT-based authentication across all services
- Service-to-service authentication with tokens
- Refresh token rotation
- Password hashing with bcrypt
### Authorization
- Hierarchical role system (Viewer → Member → Admin → Owner)
- Subscription tier-based feature gating
- Resource-level permissions
- Tenant isolation
### Data Protection
- TLS 1.2+ for all connections
- AES-256 encryption for secrets at rest
- pgcrypto for sensitive column encryption
- Encrypted backups with GPG
### Monitoring & Auditing
- Comprehensive PostgreSQL audit logging
- Connection/disconnection tracking
- SQL statement logging
- Failed authentication attempts
## Common Security Tasks
### Rotate Database Passwords
```bash
# Generate new passwords
./scripts/generate-passwords.sh
# Update environment files
./scripts/update-env-passwords.sh
# Update Kubernetes secrets
./scripts/update-k8s-secrets.sh
```
### Create Encrypted Backup
```bash
# Backup all databases
./scripts/encrypted-backup.sh
# Restore specific database
gpg --decrypt backup_file.sql.gz.gpg | gunzip | psql -U user -d database
```
### Regenerate TLS Certificates
```bash
# Regenerate all certificates (before expiry)
cd infrastructure/tls
./generate-certificates.sh
# Update Kubernetes secrets
./scripts/create-tls-secrets.sh
```
## Security Best Practices
### For Developers
1. **Never hardcode credentials** - Use environment variables
2. **Always use role decorators** on sensitive endpoints
3. **Validate input** - Prevent SQL injection and XSS
4. **Log security events** - Failed auth, permission denied
5. **Use parameterized queries** - Never concatenate SQL
6. **Implement rate limiting** - Prevent brute force attacks
### For Operations
1. **Rotate passwords regularly** - Every 90 days
2. **Monitor audit logs** - Check for suspicious activity
3. **Keep certificates current** - Renew before expiry
4. **Test backups** - Verify restoration procedures
5. **Update dependencies** - Apply security patches
6. **Review access** - Remove unused accounts
## Incident Response
### Security Incident Checklist
1. **Identify** the scope and impact
2. **Contain** the threat (disable compromised accounts)
3. **Eradicate** the vulnerability
4. **Recover** affected systems
5. **Document** the incident
6. **Review** and improve security measures
### Emergency Contacts
- Security incidents should be reported immediately
- Check audit logs: `/var/log/postgresql/` in database pods
- Review application logs for suspicious patterns
## Additional Resources
### Consolidated Security Guides
- [Database Security Guide](./database-security.md) - Complete database security
- [RBAC Implementation Guide](./rbac-implementation.md) - Access control
- [TLS Configuration Guide](./tls-configuration.md) - TLS/SSL setup
- [Security Checklist](./security-checklist.md) - Deployment verification
### Source Analysis Reports
These detailed reports were used to create the consolidated guides above:
- [Database Security Analysis Report](../archive/DATABASE_SECURITY_ANALYSIS_REPORT.md) - Original security analysis
- [Security Implementation Complete](../archive/SECURITY_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md) - Implementation summary
- [RBAC Analysis Report](../archive/RBAC_ANALYSIS_REPORT.md) - Access control analysis
- [TLS Implementation Complete](../archive/TLS_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md) - TLS implementation
### Platform Documentation
- [System Overview](../02-architecture/system-overview.md) - Platform architecture
- [AI Insights API](../08-api-reference/ai-insights-api.md) - Technical API details
- [Testing Guide](../04-development/testing-guide.md) - Testing strategies
---
## Document Maintenance
**Last Updated**: November 2025
**Version**: 1.0
**Next Review**: May 2026
**Review Cycle**: Every 6 months
**Maintained by**: Security Team
---
## Support
For security questions or issues:
1. **First**: Check the relevant guide in this directory
2. **Then**: Review source reports in the `docs/` directory
3. **Finally**: Contact Security Team or DevOps Team
**For security incidents**: Follow incident response procedures immediately.

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# Database Security Guide
**Last Updated:** November 2025
**Status:** Production Ready
**Security Grade:** A-
---
## Table of Contents
1. [Overview](#overview)
2. [Database Inventory](#database-inventory)
3. [Security Implementation](#security-implementation)
4. [Data Protection](#data-protection)
5. [Compliance](#compliance)
6. [Monitoring and Maintenance](#monitoring-and-maintenance)
7. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
8. [Related Documentation](#related-documentation)
---
## Overview
This guide provides comprehensive information about database security in the Bakery IA platform. Our infrastructure has been hardened from a D- security grade to an A- grade through systematic implementation of industry best practices.
### Security Achievements
- **15 databases secured** (14 PostgreSQL + 1 Redis)
- **100% TLS encryption** for all database connections
- **Strong authentication** with 32-character cryptographic passwords
- **Data persistence** with PersistentVolumeClaims preventing data loss
- **Audit logging** enabled for all database operations
- **Encryption at rest** capabilities with pgcrypto extension
### Security Grade Improvement
| Metric | Before | After |
|--------|--------|-------|
| Overall Grade | D- | A- |
| Critical Issues | 4 | 0 |
| High-Risk Issues | 3 | 0 |
| Medium-Risk Issues | 4 | 0 |
| Encryption in Transit | None | TLS 1.2+ |
| Encryption at Rest | None | Available (pgcrypto + K8s) |
---
## Database Inventory
### PostgreSQL Databases (14 instances)
All running PostgreSQL 17-alpine with TLS encryption enabled:
| Database | Service | Purpose |
|----------|---------|---------|
| auth-db | Authentication | User authentication and authorization |
| tenant-db | Tenant | Multi-tenancy management |
| training-db | Training | ML model training data |
| forecasting-db | Forecasting | Demand forecasting |
| sales-db | Sales | Sales transactions |
| external-db | External | External API data |
| notification-db | Notification | Notifications and alerts |
| inventory-db | Inventory | Inventory management |
| recipes-db | Recipes | Recipe data |
| suppliers-db | Suppliers | Supplier information |
| pos-db | POS | Point of Sale integrations |
| orders-db | Orders | Order management |
| production-db | Production | Production batches |
| alert-processor-db | Alert Processor | Alert processing |
### Other Datastores
- **Redis:** Shared caching and session storage with TLS encryption
- **RabbitMQ:** Message broker for inter-service communication
---
## Security Implementation
### 1. Authentication and Access Control
#### Service Isolation
- Each service has its own dedicated database with unique credentials
- Prevents cross-service data access
- Limits blast radius of credential compromise
#### Password Security
- **Algorithm:** PostgreSQL uses scram-sha-256 authentication (modern, secure)
- **Password Strength:** 32-character cryptographically secure passwords
- **Generation:** Created using OpenSSL: `openssl rand -base64 32`
- **Rotation Policy:** Recommended every 90 days
#### Network Isolation
- All databases run on internal Kubernetes network
- No direct external exposure
- ClusterIP services (internal only)
- Cannot be accessed from outside the cluster
### 2. Encryption in Transit (TLS/SSL)
All database connections enforce TLS 1.2+ encryption.
#### PostgreSQL TLS Configuration
**Server Configuration:**
```yaml
# PostgreSQL SSL Settings (postgresql.conf)
ssl = on
ssl_cert_file = '/tls/server-cert.pem'
ssl_key_file = '/tls/server-key.pem'
ssl_ca_file = '/tls/ca-cert.pem'
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1.2'
```
**Client Connection String:**
```python
# Automatically enforced by DatabaseManager
"postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host:5432/db?ssl=require"
```
**Certificate Details:**
- **Algorithm:** RSA 4096-bit
- **Signature:** SHA-256
- **Validity:** 3 years (expires October 2028)
- **CA Validity:** 10 years (expires 2035)
#### Redis TLS Configuration
**Server Configuration:**
```bash
redis-server \
--requirepass $REDIS_PASSWORD \
--tls-port 6379 \
--port 0 \
--tls-cert-file /tls/redis-cert.pem \
--tls-key-file /tls/redis-key.pem \
--tls-ca-cert-file /tls/ca-cert.pem \
--tls-auth-clients no
```
**Client Connection String:**
```python
"rediss://:password@redis-service:6379?ssl_cert_reqs=none"
```
### 3. Data Persistence
#### PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs)
All PostgreSQL databases use PVCs to prevent data loss:
```yaml
# Example PVC configuration
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: auth-db-pvc
namespace: bakery-ia
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 2Gi
```
**Benefits:**
- Data persists across pod restarts
- Prevents catastrophic data loss from ephemeral storage
- Enables backup and restore operations
- Supports volume snapshots
#### Redis Persistence
Redis configured with:
- **AOF (Append Only File):** enabled
- **RDB snapshots:** periodic
- **PersistentVolumeClaim:** for data directory
---
## Data Protection
### 1. Encryption at Rest
#### Kubernetes Secrets Encryption
All secrets encrypted at rest with AES-256:
```yaml
# Encryption configuration
apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: EncryptionConfiguration
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: <base64-encoded-32-byte-key>
- identity: {}
```
#### PostgreSQL pgcrypto Extension
Available for column-level encryption:
```sql
-- Enable extension
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "pgcrypto";
-- Encrypt sensitive data
INSERT INTO users (name, ssn_encrypted)
VALUES (
'John Doe',
pgp_sym_encrypt('123-45-6789', 'encryption_key')
);
-- Decrypt data
SELECT name, pgp_sym_decrypt(ssn_encrypted::bytea, 'encryption_key')
FROM users;
```
**Available Functions:**
- `pgp_sym_encrypt()` - Symmetric encryption
- `pgp_pub_encrypt()` - Public key encryption
- `gen_salt()` - Password hashing
- `digest()` - Hash functions
### 2. Backup Strategy
#### Automated Encrypted Backups
**Script Location:** `/scripts/encrypted-backup.sh`
**Features:**
- Backs up all 14 PostgreSQL databases
- Uses `pg_dump` for data export
- Compresses with `gzip` for space efficiency
- Encrypts with GPG for security
- Output format: `<db>_<name>_<timestamp>.sql.gz.gpg`
**Usage:**
```bash
# Create encrypted backup
./scripts/encrypted-backup.sh
# Decrypt and restore
gpg --decrypt backup_file.sql.gz.gpg | gunzip | psql -U user -d database
```
**Recommended Schedule:**
- **Daily backups:** Retain 30 days
- **Weekly backups:** Retain 90 days
- **Monthly backups:** Retain 1 year
### 3. Audit Logging
PostgreSQL logging configuration includes:
```yaml
# Log all connections and disconnections
log_connections = on
log_disconnections = on
# Log all SQL statements
log_statement = 'all'
# Log query duration
log_duration = on
log_min_duration_statement = 1000 # Log queries > 1 second
# Log detail
log_line_prefix = '%t [%p]: [%l-1] user=%u,db=%d,app=%a,client=%h '
```
**Log Rotation:**
- Daily or 100MB size limit
- 7-day retention minimum
- Ship to centralized logging (recommended)
---
## Compliance
### GDPR (European Data Protection)
| Requirement | Implementation | Status |
|-------------|----------------|--------|
| Article 32 - Encryption | TLS for transit, pgcrypto for rest | ✅ Compliant |
| Article 5(1)(f) - Security | Strong passwords, access control | ✅ Compliant |
| Article 33 - Breach notification | Audit logs for breach detection | ✅ Compliant |
**Legal Status:** Privacy policy claims are now accurate - encryption is implemented.
### PCI-DSS (Payment Card Data)
| Requirement | Implementation | Status |
|-------------|----------------|--------|
| Requirement 3.4 - Encrypt transmission | TLS 1.2+ for all connections | ✅ Compliant |
| Requirement 3.5 - Protect stored data | pgcrypto extension available | ✅ Compliant |
| Requirement 10 - Track access | PostgreSQL audit logging | ✅ Compliant |
### SOC 2 (Security Controls)
| Control | Implementation | Status |
|---------|----------------|--------|
| CC6.1 - Access controls | Audit logs, RBAC | ✅ Compliant |
| CC6.6 - Encryption in transit | TLS for all database connections | ✅ Compliant |
| CC6.7 - Encryption at rest | Kubernetes secrets + pgcrypto | ✅ Compliant |
---
## Monitoring and Maintenance
### Certificate Management
#### Certificate Expiry Monitoring
**PostgreSQL and Redis Certificates Expire:** October 17, 2028
**Renewal Process:**
```bash
# 1. Regenerate certificates (90 days before expiry)
cd infrastructure/tls && ./generate-certificates.sh
# 2. Update Kubernetes secrets
kubectl delete secret postgres-tls redis-tls -n bakery-ia
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/postgres-tls-secret.yaml
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/redis-tls-secret.yaml
# 3. Restart database pods (automatic)
kubectl rollout restart deployment -l app.kubernetes.io/component=database -n bakery-ia
```
### Password Rotation
**Recommended:** Every 90 days
**Process:**
```bash
# 1. Generate new passwords
./scripts/generate-passwords.sh > new-passwords.txt
# 2. Update .env file
./scripts/update-env-passwords.sh
# 3. Update Kubernetes secrets
./scripts/update-k8s-secrets.sh
# 4. Apply secrets
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets.yaml
# 5. Restart databases and services
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia
```
### Health Checks
#### Verify PostgreSQL SSL
```bash
# Check SSL is enabled
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW ssl;"'
# Expected: on
# Check certificate permissions
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- ls -la /tls/
# Expected: server-key.pem has 600 permissions
```
#### Verify Redis TLS
```bash
# Test Redis connection with TLS
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <redis-pod> -- redis-cli \
--tls \
--cert /tls/redis-cert.pem \
--key /tls/redis-key.pem \
--cacert /tls/ca-cert.pem \
-a $REDIS_PASSWORD \
ping
# Expected: PONG
```
#### Verify PVCs
```bash
# Check all PVCs are bound
kubectl get pvc -n bakery-ia
# Expected: All PVCs in "Bound" state
```
### Audit Log Review
```bash
# View PostgreSQL logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod>
# Search for failed connections
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> | grep -i "authentication failed"
# Search for long-running queries
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> | grep -i "duration:"
```
---
## Troubleshooting
### PostgreSQL Connection Issues
#### Services Can't Connect After Deployment
**Symptom:** Services show SSL/TLS errors in logs
**Solution:**
```bash
# Restart all services to pick up new TLS configuration
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia \
--selector='app.kubernetes.io/component=service'
```
#### "SSL not supported" Error
**Symptom:** `PostgreSQL server rejected SSL upgrade`
**Solution:**
```bash
# Check if TLS secret exists
kubectl get secret postgres-tls -n bakery-ia
# Check if mounted in pod
kubectl describe pod <db-pod> -n bakery-ia | grep -A 5 "tls-certs"
# Restart database pod
kubectl delete pod <db-pod> -n bakery-ia
```
#### Certificate Permission Denied
**Symptom:** `FATAL: could not load server certificate file`
**Solution:**
```bash
# Check init container logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <pod> -c fix-tls-permissions
# Verify certificate permissions
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <pod> -- ls -la /tls/
# server-key.pem should have 600 permissions
```
### Redis Connection Issues
#### Connection Timeout
**Symptom:** `SSL handshake is taking longer than 60.0 seconds`
**Solution:**
```bash
# Check Redis logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <redis-pod>
# Test Redis directly
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <redis-pod> -- redis-cli \
--tls --cert /tls/redis-cert.pem \
--key /tls/redis-key.pem \
--cacert /tls/ca-cert.pem \
PING
```
### Data Persistence Issues
#### PVC Not Binding
**Symptom:** PVC stuck in "Pending" state
**Solution:**
```bash
# Check PVC status
kubectl describe pvc <pvc-name> -n bakery-ia
# Check storage class
kubectl get storageclass
# For Kind, ensure local-path provisioner is running
kubectl get pods -n local-path-storage
```
---
## Related Documentation
### Security Documentation
- [RBAC Implementation](./rbac-implementation.md) - Role-based access control
- [TLS Configuration](./tls-configuration.md) - TLS/SSL setup details
- [Security Checklist](./security-checklist.md) - Deployment checklist
### Source Reports
- [Database Security Analysis Report](../DATABASE_SECURITY_ANALYSIS_REPORT.md)
- [Security Implementation Complete](../SECURITY_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md)
### External References
- [PostgreSQL SSL Documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/ssl-tcp.html)
- [Redis TLS Documentation](https://redis.io/docs/manual/security/encryption/)
- [Kubernetes Secrets Encryption](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data/)
- [pgcrypto Documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/pgcrypto.html)
---
## Quick Reference
### Common Commands
```bash
# Verify database security
kubectl get pods -n bakery-ia -l app.kubernetes.io/component=database
kubectl get pvc -n bakery-ia
kubectl get secrets -n bakery-ia | grep tls
# Check certificate expiry
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- \
openssl x509 -in /tls/server-cert.pem -noout -dates
# View audit logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> | tail -n 100
# Restart all databases
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia \
-l app.kubernetes.io/component=database
```
### Security Validation Checklist
- [ ] All database pods running and healthy
- [ ] All PVCs in "Bound" state
- [ ] TLS certificates mounted with correct permissions
- [ ] PostgreSQL accepts TLS connections
- [ ] Redis accepts TLS connections
- [ ] pgcrypto extension loaded
- [ ] Services connect without TLS errors
- [ ] Audit logs being generated
- [ ] Passwords are strong (32+ characters)
- [ ] Backup script tested and working
---
**Document Version:** 1.0
**Last Review:** November 2025
**Next Review:** May 2026
**Owner:** Security Team

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# Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Implementation Guide
**Last Updated:** November 2025
**Status:** Implementation in Progress
**Platform:** Bakery-IA Microservices
---
## Table of Contents
1. [Overview](#overview)
2. [Role System Architecture](#role-system-architecture)
3. [Access Control Implementation](#access-control-implementation)
4. [Service-by-Service RBAC Matrix](#service-by-service-rbac-matrix)
5. [Implementation Guidelines](#implementation-guidelines)
6. [Testing Strategy](#testing-strategy)
7. [Related Documentation](#related-documentation)
---
## Overview
This guide provides comprehensive information about implementing Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) across the Bakery-IA platform, consisting of 15 microservices with 250+ API endpoints.
### Key Components
- **4 User Roles:** Viewer → Member → Admin → Owner (hierarchical)
- **3 Subscription Tiers:** Starter → Professional → Enterprise
- **250+ API Endpoints:** Requiring granular access control
- **Tenant Isolation:** All services enforce tenant-level data isolation
### Implementation Status
**Implemented:**
- ✅ JWT authentication across all services
- ✅ Tenant isolation via path parameters
- ✅ Basic admin role checks in auth service
- ✅ Subscription tier checking framework
**In Progress:**
- 🔧 Role decorators on service endpoints
- 🔧 Subscription tier enforcement on premium features
- 🔧 Fine-grained resource permissions
- 🔧 Audit logging for sensitive operations
---
## Role System Architecture
### User Role Hierarchy
Defined in `shared/auth/access_control.py`:
```python
class UserRole(Enum):
VIEWER = "viewer" # Read-only access
MEMBER = "member" # Read + basic write operations
ADMIN = "admin" # Full operational access
OWNER = "owner" # Full control including tenant settings
ROLE_HIERARCHY = {
UserRole.VIEWER: 1,
UserRole.MEMBER: 2,
UserRole.ADMIN: 3,
UserRole.OWNER: 4,
}
```
### Permission Matrix by Action
| Action Type | Viewer | Member | Admin | Owner |
|-------------|--------|--------|-------|-------|
| Read data | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Create records | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Update records | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Delete records | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Manage users | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Configure settings | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Billing/subscription | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Delete tenant | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
### Subscription Tier System
```python
class SubscriptionTier(Enum):
STARTER = "starter" # Basic features
PROFESSIONAL = "professional" # Advanced analytics & ML
ENTERPRISE = "enterprise" # Full feature set + priority support
TIER_HIERARCHY = {
SubscriptionTier.STARTER: 1,
SubscriptionTier.PROFESSIONAL: 2,
SubscriptionTier.ENTERPRISE: 3,
}
```
### Tier Features Matrix
| Feature | Starter | Professional | Enterprise |
|---------|---------|--------------|------------|
| Basic Inventory | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Basic Sales | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Basic Recipes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ML Forecasting | ✓ (7-day) | ✓ (30+ day) | ✓ (unlimited) |
| Model Training | ✓ (1/day, 1k rows) | ✓ (5/day, 10k rows) | ✓ (unlimited) |
| Advanced Analytics | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Custom Reports | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Production Optimization | ✓ (basic) | ✓ (advanced) | ✓ (AI-powered) |
| Historical Data | 7 days | 90 days | Unlimited |
| Multi-location | 1 | 2 | Unlimited |
| API Access | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Priority Support | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Max Users | 5 | 20 | Unlimited |
| Max Products | 50 | 500 | Unlimited |
---
## Access Control Implementation
### Available Decorators
The platform provides these decorators in `shared/auth/access_control.py`:
#### Subscription Tier Enforcement
```python
# Require specific subscription tier(s)
@require_subscription_tier(['professional', 'enterprise'])
async def advanced_analytics(...):
pass
# Convenience decorators
@enterprise_tier_required
async def enterprise_feature(...):
pass
@analytics_tier_required # Requires professional or enterprise
async def analytics_endpoint(...):
pass
```
#### Role-Based Enforcement
```python
# Require specific role(s)
@require_user_role(['admin', 'owner'])
async def delete_resource(...):
pass
# Convenience decorators
@admin_role_required
async def admin_only(...):
pass
@owner_role_required
async def owner_only(...):
pass
```
#### Combined Enforcement
```python
# Require both tier and role
@require_tier_and_role(['professional', 'enterprise'], ['admin', 'owner'])
async def premium_admin_feature(...):
pass
```
### FastAPI Dependencies
Available in `shared/auth/tenant_access.py`:
```python
from fastapi import Depends
from shared.auth.tenant_access import (
get_current_user_dep,
verify_tenant_access_dep,
verify_tenant_permission_dep
)
# Basic authentication
@router.get("/{tenant_id}/resource")
async def get_resource(
tenant_id: str,
current_user: Dict = Depends(get_current_user_dep)
):
pass
# Tenant access verification
@router.get("/{tenant_id}/resource")
async def get_resource(
tenant_id: str = Depends(verify_tenant_access_dep)
):
pass
# Resource permission check
@router.delete("/{tenant_id}/resource/{id}")
async def delete_resource(
tenant_id: str = Depends(verify_tenant_permission_dep("resource", "delete"))
):
pass
```
---
## Service-by-Service RBAC Matrix
### Authentication Service
**Critical Operations:**
- User deletion requires **Admin** role + audit logging
- Password changes should enforce strong password policy
- Email verification prevents account takeover
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/register` | POST | Public | Any | Rate limited |
| `/login` | POST | Public | Any | Rate limited (3-5 attempts) |
| `/delete/{user_id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 CRITICAL - Audit logged |
| `/change-password` | POST | Authenticated | Any | Own account only |
| `/profile` | GET/PUT | Authenticated | Any | Own account only |
**Recommendations:**
- ✅ IMPLEMENTED: Admin role check on deletion
- 🔧 ADD: Rate limiting on login/register
- 🔧 ADD: Audit log for user deletion
- 🔧 ADD: MFA for admin accounts
- 🔧 ADD: Password strength validation
### Tenant Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Tenant deletion/deactivation (Owner only)
- Subscription changes (Owner only)
- Role modifications (Admin+, prevent owner changes)
- Member removal (Admin+)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | Tenant member |
| `/{tenant_id}` | PUT | **Admin** | Any | Admin+ only |
| `/{tenant_id}/deactivate` | POST | **Owner** | Any | 🔴 CRITICAL - Owner only |
| `/{tenant_id}/members` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | View team |
| `/{tenant_id}/members` | POST | **Admin** | Any | Invite users |
| `/{tenant_id}/members/{user_id}/role` | PUT | **Admin** | Any | Change roles |
| `/{tenant_id}/members/{user_id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Remove member |
| `/subscriptions/{tenant_id}/upgrade` | POST | **Owner** | Any | 🔴 CRITICAL |
| `/subscriptions/{tenant_id}/cancel` | POST | **Owner** | Any | 🔴 CRITICAL |
**Recommendations:**
- ✅ IMPLEMENTED: Role checks for member management
- 🔧 ADD: Prevent removing the last owner
- 🔧 ADD: Prevent owner from changing their own role
- 🔧 ADD: Subscription change confirmation
- 🔧 ADD: Audit log for all tenant modifications
### Sales Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Sales record deletion (affects financial reports)
- Product deletion (affects historical data)
- Bulk imports (data integrity)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}/sales` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | Read sales data |
| `/{tenant_id}/sales` | POST | **Member** | Any | Create sales |
| `/{tenant_id}/sales/{id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Affects reports |
| `/{tenant_id}/products/{id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Affects history |
| `/{tenant_id}/analytics/*` | GET | **Viewer** | **Professional** | 💰 Premium |
**Recommendations:**
- 🔧 ADD: Soft delete for sales records (audit trail)
- 🔧 ADD: Subscription tier check on analytics endpoints
- 🔧 ADD: Prevent deletion of products with sales history
### Inventory Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Ingredient deletion (affects recipes)
- Manual stock adjustments (inventory manipulation)
- Compliance record deletion (regulatory violation)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}/ingredients` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | List ingredients |
| `/{tenant_id}/ingredients/{id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Affects recipes |
| `/{tenant_id}/stock/adjustments` | POST | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Manual adjustment |
| `/{tenant_id}/analytics/*` | GET | **Viewer** | **Professional** | 💰 Premium |
| `/{tenant_id}/reports/cost-analysis` | GET | **Admin** | **Professional** | 💰 Sensitive |
**Recommendations:**
- 🔧 ADD: Prevent deletion of ingredients used in recipes
- 🔧 ADD: Audit log for all stock adjustments
- 🔧 ADD: Compliance records cannot be deleted
- 🔧 ADD: Role check: only Admin+ can see cost data
### Production Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Batch deletion (affects inventory and tracking)
- Schedule changes (affects production timeline)
- Quality check modifications (compliance)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}/batches` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | View batches |
| `/{tenant_id}/batches/{id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Affects tracking |
| `/{tenant_id}/schedules/{id}` | PUT | **Admin** | Any | Schedule changes |
| `/{tenant_id}/capacity/optimize` | POST | **Admin** | Any | Basic optimization |
| `/{tenant_id}/efficiency-trends` | GET | **Viewer** | **Professional** | 💰 Historical trends |
| `/{tenant_id}/capacity-analysis` | GET | **Admin** | **Professional** | 💰 Advanced analysis |
**Tier-Based Features:**
- **Starter:** Basic capacity, 7-day history, simple optimization
- **Professional:** Advanced metrics, 90-day history, advanced algorithms
- **Enterprise:** Predictive maintenance, unlimited history, AI-powered
**Recommendations:**
- 🔧 ADD: Optimization depth limits per tier
- 🔧 ADD: Historical data limits (7/90/unlimited days)
- 🔧 ADD: Prevent deletion of completed batches
### Forecasting Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Forecast generation (consumes ML resources)
- Bulk operations (resource intensive)
- Scenario creation (computational cost)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}/forecasts` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | View forecasts |
| `/{tenant_id}/forecasts/generate` | POST | **Admin** | Any | Trigger ML forecast |
| `/{tenant_id}/scenarios` | GET | **Viewer** | **Enterprise** | 💰 Scenario modeling |
| `/{tenant_id}/scenarios` | POST | **Admin** | **Enterprise** | 💰 Create scenario |
| `/{tenant_id}/analytics/accuracy` | GET | **Viewer** | **Professional** | 💰 Model metrics |
**Tier-Based Limits:**
- **Starter:** 7-day forecasts, 10/day quota
- **Professional:** 30+ day forecasts, 100/day quota, accuracy metrics
- **Enterprise:** Unlimited forecasts, scenario modeling, custom parameters
**Recommendations:**
- 🔧 ADD: Forecast horizon limits per tier
- 🔧 ADD: Rate limiting based on tier (ML cost)
- 🔧 ADD: Quota limits per subscription tier
- 🔧 ADD: Scenario modeling only for Enterprise
### Training Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Model training (expensive ML operations)
- Model deployment (affects production forecasts)
- Model retraining (overwrites existing models)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}/training-jobs` | POST | **Admin** | Any | Start training |
| `/{tenant_id}/training-jobs/{id}/cancel` | POST | **Admin** | Any | Cancel training |
| `/{tenant_id}/models/{id}/deploy` | POST | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Deploy model |
| `/{tenant_id}/models/{id}/artifacts` | GET | **Admin** | **Enterprise** | 💰 Download artifacts |
| `/ws/{tenant_id}/training` | WebSocket | **Admin** | Any | Real-time updates |
**Tier-Based Quotas:**
- **Starter:** 1 training job/day, 1k rows max, simple Prophet
- **Professional:** 5 jobs/day, 10k rows max, model versioning
- **Enterprise:** Unlimited jobs, unlimited rows, custom parameters
**Recommendations:**
- 🔧 ADD: Training quota per subscription tier
- 🔧 ADD: Dataset size limits per tier
- 🔧 ADD: Queue priority based on subscription
- 🔧 ADD: Artifact download only for Enterprise
### Orders Service
**Critical Operations:**
- Order cancellation (affects production and customer)
- Customer deletion (GDPR compliance required)
- Procurement scheduling (affects inventory)
| Endpoint | Method | Min Role | Min Tier | Notes |
|----------|--------|----------|----------|-------|
| `/{tenant_id}/orders` | GET | **Viewer** | Any | View orders |
| `/{tenant_id}/orders/{id}/cancel` | POST | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 Cancel order |
| `/{tenant_id}/customers/{id}` | DELETE | **Admin** | Any | 🔴 GDPR compliance |
| `/{tenant_id}/procurement/requirements` | GET | **Admin** | **Professional** | 💰 Planning |
| `/{tenant_id}/procurement/schedule` | POST | **Admin** | **Professional** | 💰 Scheduling |
**Recommendations:**
- 🔧 ADD: Order cancellation requires reason/notes
- 🔧 ADD: Customer deletion with GDPR-compliant export
- 🔧 ADD: Soft delete for orders (audit trail)
---
## Implementation Guidelines
### Step 1: Add Role Decorators
```python
from shared.auth.access_control import require_user_role
@router.delete("/{tenant_id}/sales/{sale_id}")
@require_user_role(['admin', 'owner'])
async def delete_sale(
tenant_id: str,
sale_id: str,
current_user: Dict = Depends(get_current_user_dep)
):
# Existing logic...
pass
```
### Step 2: Add Subscription Tier Checks
```python
from shared.auth.access_control import require_subscription_tier
@router.post("/{tenant_id}/forecasts/generate")
@require_user_role(['admin', 'owner'])
async def generate_forecast(
tenant_id: str,
horizon_days: int,
current_user: Dict = Depends(get_current_user_dep)
):
# Check tier-based limits
tier = current_user.get('subscription_tier', 'starter')
max_horizon = {
'starter': 7,
'professional': 90,
'enterprise': 365
}
if horizon_days > max_horizon.get(tier, 7):
raise HTTPException(
status_code=402,
detail=f"Forecast horizon limited to {max_horizon[tier]} days for {tier} tier"
)
# Check daily quota
daily_quota = {'starter': 10, 'professional': 100, 'enterprise': None}
if not await check_quota(tenant_id, 'forecasts', daily_quota[tier]):
raise HTTPException(
status_code=429,
detail=f"Daily forecast quota exceeded for {tier} tier"
)
# Existing logic...
```
### Step 3: Add Audit Logging
```python
from shared.audit import log_audit_event
@router.delete("/{tenant_id}/customers/{customer_id}")
@require_user_role(['admin', 'owner'])
async def delete_customer(
tenant_id: str,
customer_id: str,
current_user: Dict = Depends(get_current_user_dep)
):
# Existing deletion logic...
# Add audit log
await log_audit_event(
tenant_id=tenant_id,
user_id=current_user["user_id"],
action="customer.delete",
resource_type="customer",
resource_id=customer_id,
severity="high"
)
```
### Step 4: Implement Rate Limiting
```python
from shared.rate_limit import check_quota
@router.post("/{tenant_id}/training-jobs")
@require_user_role(['admin', 'owner'])
async def create_training_job(
tenant_id: str,
dataset_rows: int,
current_user: Dict = Depends(get_current_user_dep)
):
tier = current_user.get('subscription_tier', 'starter')
# Check daily quota
daily_limits = {'starter': 1, 'professional': 5, 'enterprise': None}
if not await check_quota(tenant_id, 'training_jobs', daily_limits[tier], period=86400):
raise HTTPException(
status_code=429,
detail=f"Daily training job limit reached for {tier} tier ({daily_limits[tier]}/day)"
)
# Check dataset size limit
dataset_limits = {'starter': 1000, 'professional': 10000, 'enterprise': None}
if dataset_limits[tier] and dataset_rows > dataset_limits[tier]:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=402,
detail=f"Dataset size limited to {dataset_limits[tier]} rows for {tier} tier"
)
# Existing logic...
```
---
## Testing Strategy
### Unit Tests
```python
# Test role enforcement
def test_delete_requires_admin_role():
response = client.delete(
"/api/v1/tenant123/sales/sale456",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {member_token}"}
)
assert response.status_code == 403
assert "insufficient_permissions" in response.json()["detail"]["error"]
# Test subscription tier enforcement
def test_forecasting_horizon_limit_starter():
response = client.post(
"/api/v1/tenant123/forecasts/generate",
json={"horizon_days": 30}, # Exceeds 7-day limit
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {starter_user_token}"}
)
assert response.status_code == 402 # Payment Required
assert "limited to 7 days" in response.json()["detail"]
# Test training job quota
def test_training_job_daily_quota_starter():
# First job succeeds
response1 = client.post(
"/api/v1/tenant123/training-jobs",
json={"dataset_rows": 500},
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {starter_admin_token}"}
)
assert response1.status_code == 200
# Second job on same day fails (1/day limit)
response2 = client.post(
"/api/v1/tenant123/training-jobs",
json={"dataset_rows": 500},
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {starter_admin_token}"}
)
assert response2.status_code == 429 # Too Many Requests
```
### Integration Tests
```python
# Test tenant isolation
def test_user_cannot_access_other_tenant():
response = client.get(
"/api/v1/tenant456/sales", # Different tenant
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {user_token}"}
)
assert response.status_code == 403
```
### Security Tests
```python
# Test rate limiting
def test_training_job_rate_limit():
for i in range(6):
response = client.post(
"/api/v1/tenant123/training-jobs",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {admin_token}"}
)
assert response.status_code == 429 # Too Many Requests
```
---
## Related Documentation
### Security Documentation
- [Database Security](./database-security.md) - Database security implementation
- [TLS Configuration](./tls-configuration.md) - TLS/SSL setup details
- [Security Checklist](./security-checklist.md) - Deployment checklist
### Source Reports
- [RBAC Analysis Report](../RBAC_ANALYSIS_REPORT.md) - Complete analysis
### Code References
- `shared/auth/access_control.py` - Role and tier decorators
- `shared/auth/tenant_access.py` - FastAPI dependencies
- `services/tenant/app/models/tenants.py` - Tenant member model
---
**Document Version:** 1.0
**Last Review:** November 2025
**Next Review:** February 2026
**Owner:** Security & Platform Team

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@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
# Security Deployment Checklist
**Last Updated:** November 2025
**Status:** Production Deployment Guide
**Security Grade Target:** A-
---
## Table of Contents
1. [Overview](#overview)
2. [Pre-Deployment Checklist](#pre-deployment-checklist)
3. [Deployment Steps](#deployment-steps)
4. [Verification Checklist](#verification-checklist)
5. [Post-Deployment Tasks](#post-deployment-tasks)
6. [Ongoing Maintenance](#ongoing-maintenance)
7. [Security Hardening Roadmap](#security-hardening-roadmap)
8. [Related Documentation](#related-documentation)
---
## Overview
This checklist ensures all security measures are properly implemented before deploying the Bakery IA platform to production.
### Security Grade Targets
| Phase | Security Grade | Timeframe |
|-------|----------------|-----------|
| Pre-Implementation | D- | Baseline |
| Phase 1 Complete | C+ | Week 1-2 |
| Phase 2 Complete | B | Week 3-4 |
| Phase 3 Complete | A- | Week 5-6 |
| Full Hardening | A | Month 3 |
---
## Pre-Deployment Checklist
### Infrastructure Preparation
#### Certificate Infrastructure
- [ ] Generate TLS certificates using `/infrastructure/tls/generate-certificates.sh`
- [ ] Verify CA certificate created (10-year validity)
- [ ] Verify PostgreSQL server certificates (3-year validity)
- [ ] Verify Redis server certificates (3-year validity)
- [ ] Store CA private key securely (NOT in version control)
- [ ] Document certificate expiry dates (October 2028)
#### Kubernetes Cluster
- [ ] Kubernetes cluster running (Kind, GKE, EKS, or AKS)
- [ ] `kubectl` configured and working
- [ ] Namespace `bakery-ia` created
- [ ] Storage class available for PVCs
- [ ] Sufficient resources (CPU: 4+ cores, RAM: 8GB+, Storage: 50GB+)
#### Secrets Management
- [ ] Generate strong passwords (32 characters): `openssl rand -base64 32`
- [ ] Create `.env` file with new passwords (use `.env.example` as template)
- [ ] Update `infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets.yaml` with base64-encoded passwords
- [ ] Generate AES-256 key for Kubernetes secrets encryption
- [ ] **Verify passwords are NOT default values** (`*_pass123` is insecure!)
- [ ] Store backup of passwords in secure password manager
- [ ] Document password rotation schedule (every 90 days)
### Security Configuration Files
#### Database Security
- [ ] PostgreSQL TLS secret created: `postgres-tls-secret.yaml`
- [ ] Redis TLS secret created: `redis-tls-secret.yaml`
- [ ] PostgreSQL logging ConfigMap created: `postgres-logging-config.yaml`
- [ ] PostgreSQL init ConfigMap includes pgcrypto extension
#### Application Security
- [ ] All database URLs include `?ssl=require` parameter
- [ ] Redis URLs use `rediss://` protocol
- [ ] Service-to-service authentication configured
- [ ] CORS configured for frontend
- [ ] Rate limiting enabled on authentication endpoints
---
## Deployment Steps
### Phase 1: Database Security (CRITICAL - Week 1)
**Time Required:** 2-3 hours
#### Step 1.1: Deploy PersistentVolumeClaims
```bash
# Verify PVCs exist in database YAML files
grep -r "PersistentVolumeClaim" infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/databases/
# Apply database deployments (includes PVCs)
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/databases/
# Verify PVCs are bound
kubectl get pvc -n bakery-ia
```
**Expected:** 15 PVCs (14 PostgreSQL + 1 Redis) in "Bound" state
- [ ] All PostgreSQL PVCs created (2Gi each)
- [ ] Redis PVC created
- [ ] All PVCs in "Bound" state
- [ ] Storage class supports dynamic provisioning
#### Step 1.2: Deploy TLS Certificates
```bash
# Create TLS secrets
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/postgres-tls-secret.yaml
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/redis-tls-secret.yaml
# Verify secrets created
kubectl get secrets -n bakery-ia | grep tls
```
**Expected:** `postgres-tls` and `redis-tls` secrets exist
- [ ] PostgreSQL TLS secret created
- [ ] Redis TLS secret created
- [ ] Secrets contain all required keys (cert, key, ca)
#### Step 1.3: Deploy PostgreSQL Configuration
```bash
# Apply PostgreSQL logging config
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/configmaps/postgres-logging-config.yaml
# Apply PostgreSQL init config (pgcrypto)
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/configs/postgres-init-config.yaml
# Verify ConfigMaps
kubectl get configmap -n bakery-ia | grep postgres
```
- [ ] PostgreSQL logging ConfigMap created
- [ ] PostgreSQL init ConfigMap created (includes pgcrypto)
- [ ] Configuration includes SSL settings
#### Step 1.4: Update Application Secrets
```bash
# Apply updated secrets with strong passwords
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets.yaml
# Verify secrets updated
kubectl get secret bakery-ia-secrets -n bakery-ia -o yaml
```
- [ ] All database passwords updated (32+ characters)
- [ ] Redis password updated
- [ ] JWT secret updated
- [ ] Database connection URLs include SSL parameters
#### Step 1.5: Deploy Databases
```bash
# Deploy all databases
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/databases/
# Wait for databases to be ready (may take 5-10 minutes)
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app.kubernetes.io/component=database -n bakery-ia --timeout=600s
# Check database pod status
kubectl get pods -n bakery-ia -l app.kubernetes.io/component=database
```
**Expected:** All 14 PostgreSQL + 1 Redis pods in "Running" state
- [ ] All 14 PostgreSQL database pods running
- [ ] Redis pod running
- [ ] No pod crashes or restarts
- [ ] Init containers completed successfully
### Phase 2: Service Deployment (Week 2)
#### Step 2.1: Deploy Database Migrations
```bash
# Apply migration jobs
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/migrations/
# Wait for migrations to complete
kubectl wait --for=condition=complete job -l app.kubernetes.io/component=migration -n bakery-ia --timeout=600s
# Check migration status
kubectl get jobs -n bakery-ia | grep migration
```
**Expected:** All migration jobs show "COMPLETIONS = 1/1"
- [ ] All database migration jobs completed successfully
- [ ] No migration errors in logs
- [ ] Database schemas created
#### Step 2.2: Deploy Services
```bash
# Deploy all microservices
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/services/
# Wait for services to be ready
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app.kubernetes.io/component=service -n bakery-ia --timeout=600s
# Check service status
kubectl get pods -n bakery-ia -l app.kubernetes.io/component=service
```
**Expected:** All 15 service pods in "Running" state
- [ ] All microservice pods running
- [ ] Services connect to databases with TLS
- [ ] No SSL/TLS errors in logs
- [ ] Health endpoints responding
#### Step 2.3: Deploy Gateway and Frontend
```bash
# Deploy API gateway
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/gateway/
# Deploy frontend
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/frontend/
# Check deployment status
kubectl get pods -n bakery-ia
```
- [ ] Gateway pod running
- [ ] Frontend pod running
- [ ] Ingress configured (if applicable)
### Phase 3: Security Hardening (Week 3-4)
#### Step 3.1: Enable Kubernetes Secrets Encryption
```bash
# REQUIRES CLUSTER RECREATION
# Delete existing cluster (WARNING: destroys all data)
kind delete cluster --name bakery-ia-local
# Create cluster with encryption enabled
kind create cluster --config kind-config.yaml
# Re-deploy entire stack
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/namespace.yaml
./scripts/apply-security-changes.sh
```
- [ ] Encryption configuration file created
- [ ] Kind cluster configured with encryption
- [ ] All secrets encrypted at rest
- [ ] Encryption verified (check kube-apiserver logs)
#### Step 3.2: Configure Audit Logging
```bash
# Verify PostgreSQL logging enabled
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW log_statement;"'
# Should show: all
```
- [ ] PostgreSQL logs all statements
- [ ] Connection logging enabled
- [ ] Query duration logging enabled
- [ ] Log rotation configured
#### Step 3.3: Enable pgcrypto Extension
```bash
# Verify pgcrypto installed
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SELECT * FROM pg_extension WHERE extname='"'"'pgcrypto'"'"';"'
# Should return one row
```
- [ ] pgcrypto extension available in all databases
- [ ] Encryption functions tested
- [ ] Documentation for using column-level encryption provided
---
## Verification Checklist
### Database Security Verification
#### PostgreSQL TLS
```bash
# 1. Verify SSL enabled
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia auth-db-<pod-id> -- sh -c \
'psql -U auth_user -d auth_db -c "SHOW ssl;"'
# Expected: on
# 2. Verify TLS version
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia auth-db-<pod-id> -- sh -c \
'psql -U auth_user -d auth_db -c "SHOW ssl_min_protocol_version;"'
# Expected: TLSv1.2
# 3. Verify certificate permissions
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia auth-db-<pod-id> -- ls -la /tls/
# Expected: server-key.pem = 600, server-cert.pem = 644
# 4. Check certificate expiry
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia auth-db-<pod-id> -- \
openssl x509 -in /tls/server-cert.pem -noout -dates
# Expected: notAfter=Oct 17 00:00:00 2028 GMT
```
**Verification Checklist:**
- [ ] SSL enabled on all 14 PostgreSQL databases
- [ ] TLS 1.2+ enforced
- [ ] Certificates have correct permissions (key=600, cert=644)
- [ ] Certificates valid until 2028
- [ ] All certificates owned by postgres user
#### Redis TLS
```bash
# 1. Test Redis TLS connection
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia redis-<pod-id> -- redis-cli \
--tls \
--cert /tls/redis-cert.pem \
--key /tls/redis-key.pem \
--cacert /tls/ca-cert.pem \
-a <redis-password> \
ping
# Expected: PONG
# 2. Verify plaintext port disabled
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia redis-<pod-id> -- redis-cli -a <redis-password> ping
# Expected: Connection refused
```
**Verification Checklist:**
- [ ] Redis responds to TLS connections
- [ ] Plaintext connections refused
- [ ] Password authentication working
- [ ] No "wrong version number" errors in logs
#### Service Connections
```bash
# 1. Check migration jobs
kubectl get jobs -n bakery-ia | grep migration
# Expected: All show "1/1" completions
# 2. Check service logs for SSL enforcement
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia auth-service-<pod-id> | grep "SSL enforcement"
# Expected: "SSL enforcement added to database URL"
# 3. Check for connection errors
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia auth-service-<pod-id> | grep -i "error" | grep -i "ssl"
# Expected: No SSL/TLS errors
```
**Verification Checklist:**
- [ ] All migration jobs completed successfully
- [ ] Services show SSL enforcement in logs
- [ ] No TLS/SSL connection errors
- [ ] All services can connect to databases
- [ ] Health endpoints return 200 OK
### Data Persistence Verification
```bash
# 1. Check all PVCs
kubectl get pvc -n bakery-ia
# Expected: 15 PVCs, all "Bound"
# 2. Check PVC sizes
kubectl get pvc -n bakery-ia -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,SIZE:.spec.resources.requests.storage
# Expected: PostgreSQL=2Gi, Redis=1Gi
# 3. Test data persistence (restart a database)
kubectl delete pod auth-db-<pod-id> -n bakery-ia
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app.kubernetes.io/name=auth-db -n bakery-ia --timeout=120s
# Data should persist after restart
```
**Verification Checklist:**
- [ ] All 15 PVCs in "Bound" state
- [ ] Correct storage sizes allocated
- [ ] Data persists across pod restarts
- [ ] No emptyDir volumes for databases
### Password Security Verification
```bash
# 1. Check password strength
kubectl get secret bakery-ia-secrets -n bakery-ia -o jsonpath='{.data.AUTH_DB_PASSWORD}' | base64 -d | wc -c
# Expected: 32 or more characters
# 2. Verify passwords are NOT defaults
kubectl get secret bakery-ia-secrets -n bakery-ia -o jsonpath='{.data.AUTH_DB_PASSWORD}' | base64 -d
# Should NOT be: auth_pass123
```
**Verification Checklist:**
- [ ] All passwords 32+ characters
- [ ] Passwords use cryptographically secure random generation
- [ ] No default passwords (`*_pass123`) in use
- [ ] Passwords backed up in secure location
- [ ] Password rotation schedule documented
### Compliance Verification
**GDPR Article 32:**
- [ ] Encryption in transit implemented (TLS)
- [ ] Encryption at rest available (pgcrypto + K8s)
- [ ] Privacy policy claims are accurate
- [ ] User data access logging enabled
**PCI-DSS:**
- [ ] Requirement 3.4: Transmission encryption (TLS) ✓
- [ ] Requirement 3.5: Stored data protection (pgcrypto) ✓
- [ ] Requirement 10: Access tracking (audit logs) ✓
**SOC 2:**
- [ ] CC6.1: Access controls (RBAC) ✓
- [ ] CC6.6: Transit encryption (TLS) ✓
- [ ] CC6.7: Rest encryption (K8s + pgcrypto) ✓
---
## Post-Deployment Tasks
### Immediate (First 24 Hours)
#### Backup Configuration
```bash
# 1. Test backup script
./scripts/encrypted-backup.sh
# 2. Verify backup created
ls -lh /path/to/backups/
# 3. Test restore process
gpg --decrypt backup_file.sql.gz.gpg | gunzip | head -n 10
```
- [ ] Backup script tested and working
- [ ] Backups encrypted with GPG
- [ ] Restore process documented and tested
- [ ] Backup storage location configured
- [ ] Backup retention policy defined
#### Monitoring Setup
```bash
# 1. Set up certificate expiry monitoring
# Add to monitoring system: Alert 90 days before October 2028
# 2. Set up database health checks
# Monitor: Connection count, query performance, disk usage
# 3. Set up audit log monitoring
# Monitor: Failed login attempts, privilege escalations
```
- [ ] Certificate expiry alerts configured
- [ ] Database health monitoring enabled
- [ ] Audit log monitoring configured
- [ ] Security event alerts configured
- [ ] Performance monitoring enabled
### First Week
#### Security Audit
```bash
# 1. Review audit logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> | grep -i "authentication failed"
# 2. Review access patterns
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> | grep -i "connection received"
# 3. Check for anomalies
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> | grep -iE "(error|warning|fatal)"
```
- [ ] Audit logs reviewed for suspicious activity
- [ ] No unauthorized access attempts
- [ ] All services connecting properly
- [ ] No security warnings in logs
#### Documentation
- [ ] Update runbooks with new security procedures
- [ ] Document certificate rotation process
- [ ] Document password rotation process
- [ ] Update disaster recovery plan
- [ ] Share security documentation with team
### First Month
#### Access Control Implementation
- [ ] Implement role decorators on critical endpoints
- [ ] Add subscription tier checks on premium features
- [ ] Implement rate limiting on ML operations
- [ ] Add audit logging for destructive operations
- [ ] Test RBAC enforcement
#### Backup and Recovery
- [ ] Set up automated daily backups (2 AM)
- [ ] Configure backup rotation (30/90/365 days)
- [ ] Test disaster recovery procedure
- [ ] Document recovery time objectives (RTO)
- [ ] Document recovery point objectives (RPO)
---
## Ongoing Maintenance
### Daily
- [ ] Monitor database health (automated)
- [ ] Check backup completion (automated)
- [ ] Review critical alerts
### Weekly
- [ ] Review audit logs for anomalies
- [ ] Check certificate expiry dates
- [ ] Verify backup integrity
- [ ] Review access control logs
### Monthly
- [ ] Review security posture
- [ ] Update security documentation
- [ ] Test backup restore process
- [ ] Review and update RBAC policies
- [ ] Check for security updates
### Quarterly (Every 90 Days)
- [ ] **Rotate all passwords**
- [ ] Review and update security policies
- [ ] Conduct security audit
- [ ] Update disaster recovery plan
- [ ] Review compliance status
- [ ] Security team training
### Annually
- [ ] Full security assessment
- [ ] Penetration testing
- [ ] Compliance audit (GDPR, PCI-DSS, SOC 2)
- [ ] Update security roadmap
- [ ] Review and update all security documentation
### Before Certificate Expiry (Oct 2028 - Alert 90 Days Prior)
- [ ] Generate new TLS certificates
- [ ] Test new certificates in staging
- [ ] Schedule maintenance window
- [ ] Update Kubernetes secrets
- [ ] Restart database pods
- [ ] Verify new certificates working
- [ ] Update documentation with new expiry dates
---
## Security Hardening Roadmap
### Completed (Security Grade: A-)
- ✅ TLS encryption for all database connections
- ✅ Strong password policy (32-character passwords)
- ✅ Data persistence with PVCs
- ✅ Kubernetes secrets encryption
- ✅ PostgreSQL audit logging
- ✅ pgcrypto extension for encryption at rest
- ✅ Automated encrypted backups
### Phase 1: Critical Security (Weeks 1-2)
- [ ] Add role decorators to all deletion endpoints
- [ ] Implement owner-only checks for billing/subscription
- [ ] Add service-to-service authentication
- [ ] Implement audit logging for critical operations
- [ ] Add rate limiting on authentication endpoints
### Phase 2: Premium Feature Gating (Weeks 3-4)
- [ ] Implement forecast horizon limits per tier
- [ ] Implement training job quotas per tier
- [ ] Implement dataset size limits for ML
- [ ] Add tier checks to advanced analytics
- [ ] Add tier checks to scenario modeling
- [ ] Implement usage quota tracking
### Phase 3: Advanced Access Control (Month 2)
- [ ] Fine-grained resource permissions
- [ ] Department-based access control
- [ ] Approval workflows for critical operations
- [ ] Data retention policies
- [ ] GDPR data export functionality
### Phase 4: Infrastructure Hardening (Month 3)
- [ ] Network policies for service isolation
- [ ] Pod security policies
- [ ] Resource quotas and limits
- [ ] Container image scanning
- [ ] Secrets management with HashiCorp Vault (optional)
### Phase 5: Advanced Features (Month 4-6)
- [ ] Mutual TLS (mTLS) for service-to-service
- [ ] Database activity monitoring (DAM)
- [ ] SIEM integration
- [ ] Automated certificate rotation
- [ ] Multi-region disaster recovery
### Long-term (6+ Months)
- [ ] Migrate to managed database services (AWS RDS, Cloud SQL)
- [ ] Implement HashiCorp Vault for secrets
- [ ] Deploy Istio service mesh
- [ ] Implement zero-trust networking
- [ ] SOC 2 Type II certification
---
## Related Documentation
### Security Guides
- [Database Security](./database-security.md) - Complete database security guide
- [RBAC Implementation](./rbac-implementation.md) - Access control details
- [TLS Configuration](./tls-configuration.md) - TLS/SSL setup guide
### Source Reports
- [Database Security Analysis Report](../DATABASE_SECURITY_ANALYSIS_REPORT.md)
- [Security Implementation Complete](../SECURITY_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md)
- [RBAC Analysis Report](../RBAC_ANALYSIS_REPORT.md)
- [TLS Implementation Complete](../TLS_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md)
### Operational Guides
- [Backup and Recovery Guide](../operations/backup-recovery.md) (if exists)
- [Monitoring Guide](../operations/monitoring.md) (if exists)
- [Incident Response Plan](../operations/incident-response.md) (if exists)
---
## Quick Reference
### Common Verification Commands
```bash
# Verify all databases running
kubectl get pods -n bakery-ia -l app.kubernetes.io/component=database
# Verify all PVCs bound
kubectl get pvc -n bakery-ia
# Verify TLS secrets
kubectl get secrets -n bakery-ia | grep tls
# Check certificate expiry
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <pod> -- \
openssl x509 -in /tls/server-cert.pem -noout -dates
# Test database connection
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SELECT version();"'
# Test Redis connection
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <pod> -- redis-cli \
--tls --cert /tls/redis-cert.pem \
--key /tls/redis-key.pem \
--cacert /tls/ca-cert.pem \
-a $REDIS_PASSWORD ping
# View recent audit logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod> --tail=100
# Restart all services
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia
```
### Emergency Procedures
**Database Pod Not Starting:**
```bash
# 1. Check init container logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <pod> -c fix-tls-permissions
# 2. Check main container logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <pod>
# 3. Describe pod for events
kubectl describe pod <pod> -n bakery-ia
```
**Services Can't Connect to Database:**
```bash
# 1. Verify database is listening
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <db-pod> -- netstat -tlnp
# 2. Check service logs
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <service-pod> | grep -i "database\|error"
# 3. Restart service
kubectl rollout restart deployment/<service> -n bakery-ia
```
**Lost Database Password:**
```bash
# 1. Recover from backup
kubectl get secret bakery-ia-secrets -n bakery-ia -o jsonpath='{.data.AUTH_DB_PASSWORD}' | base64 -d
# 2. Or check .env file (if available)
grep AUTH_DB_PASSWORD .env
# 3. Last resort: Reset password (requires database restart)
```
---
**Document Version:** 1.0
**Last Review:** November 2025
**Next Review:** February 2026
**Owner:** Security Team
**Approval Required:** DevOps Lead, Security Lead

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# TLS/SSL Configuration Guide
**Last Updated:** November 2025
**Status:** Production Ready
**Protocol:** TLS 1.2+
---
## Table of Contents
1. [Overview](#overview)
2. [Certificate Infrastructure](#certificate-infrastructure)
3. [PostgreSQL TLS Configuration](#postgresql-tls-configuration)
4. [Redis TLS Configuration](#redis-tls-configuration)
5. [Client Configuration](#client-configuration)
6. [Deployment](#deployment)
7. [Verification](#verification)
8. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
9. [Maintenance](#maintenance)
10. [Related Documentation](#related-documentation)
---
## Overview
This guide provides detailed information about TLS/SSL implementation for all database and cache connections in the Bakery IA platform.
### What's Encrypted
- ✅ **14 PostgreSQL databases** with TLS 1.2+ encryption
- ✅ **1 Redis cache** with TLS encryption
- ✅ **All microservice connections** to databases
- ✅ **Self-signed CA** with 10-year validity
- ✅ **Certificate management** via Kubernetes Secrets
### Security Benefits
- **Confidentiality:** All data in transit is encrypted
- **Integrity:** TLS prevents man-in-the-middle attacks
- **Compliance:** Meets PCI-DSS, GDPR, and SOC 2 requirements
- **Performance:** Minimal overhead (<5% CPU) with significant security gains
### Performance Impact
| Metric | Before | After | Change |
|--------|--------|-------|--------|
| Connection Latency | ~5ms | ~8-10ms | +60% (acceptable) |
| Query Performance | Baseline | Same | No change |
| Network Throughput | Baseline | -10% to -15% | TLS overhead |
| CPU Usage | Baseline | +2-5% | Encryption cost |
---
## Certificate Infrastructure
### Certificate Hierarchy
```
Root CA (10-year validity)
├── PostgreSQL Server Certificates (3-year validity)
│ └── Valid for: *.bakery-ia.svc.cluster.local
└── Redis Server Certificate (3-year validity)
└── Valid for: redis-service.bakery-ia.svc.cluster.local
```
### Certificate Details
**Root CA:**
- **Algorithm:** RSA 4096-bit
- **Signature:** SHA-256
- **Validity:** 10 years (expires 2035)
- **Common Name:** Bakery IA Internal CA
**Server Certificates:**
- **Algorithm:** RSA 4096-bit
- **Signature:** SHA-256
- **Validity:** 3 years (expires October 2028)
- **Subject Alternative Names:**
- PostgreSQL: `*.bakery-ia.svc.cluster.local`, `localhost`
- Redis: `redis-service.bakery-ia.svc.cluster.local`, `localhost`
### Certificate Files
```
infrastructure/tls/
├── ca/
│ ├── ca-cert.pem # CA certificate (public)
│ └── ca-key.pem # CA private key (KEEP SECURE!)
├── postgres/
│ ├── server-cert.pem # PostgreSQL server certificate
│ ├── server-key.pem # PostgreSQL private key
│ ├── ca-cert.pem # CA for client validation
│ └── san.cnf # Subject Alternative Names config
├── redis/
│ ├── redis-cert.pem # Redis server certificate
│ ├── redis-key.pem # Redis private key
│ ├── ca-cert.pem # CA for client validation
│ └── san.cnf # Subject Alternative Names config
└── generate-certificates.sh # Regeneration script
```
### Generating Certificates
To regenerate certificates (e.g., before expiry):
```bash
cd infrastructure/tls
./generate-certificates.sh
```
This script:
1. Creates a new Certificate Authority (CA)
2. Generates server certificates for PostgreSQL
3. Generates server certificates for Redis
4. Signs all certificates with the CA
5. Outputs certificates in PEM format
---
## PostgreSQL TLS Configuration
### Server Configuration
PostgreSQL requires specific configuration to enable TLS:
**postgresql.conf:**
```ini
# Network Configuration
listen_addresses = '*'
port = 5432
# SSL/TLS Configuration
ssl = on
ssl_cert_file = '/tls/server-cert.pem'
ssl_key_file = '/tls/server-key.pem'
ssl_ca_file = '/tls/ca-cert.pem'
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1.2'
# Cipher suites (secure defaults)
ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL'
```
### Kubernetes Deployment Configuration
All 14 PostgreSQL deployments use this structure:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: auth-db
namespace: bakery-ia
spec:
template:
spec:
securityContext:
fsGroup: 70 # postgres group
# Init container to fix certificate permissions
initContainers:
- name: fix-tls-permissions
image: busybox:latest
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0 # Run as root to chown files
command: ['sh', '-c']
args:
- |
cp /tls-source/* /tls/
chmod 600 /tls/server-key.pem
chmod 644 /tls/server-cert.pem /tls/ca-cert.pem
chown 70:70 /tls/*
volumeMounts:
- name: tls-certs-source
mountPath: /tls-source
readOnly: true
- name: tls-certs-writable
mountPath: /tls
# PostgreSQL container
containers:
- name: postgres
image: postgres:17-alpine
command:
- docker-entrypoint.sh
- -c
- config_file=/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf
volumeMounts:
- name: tls-certs-writable
mountPath: /tls
- name: postgres-config
mountPath: /etc/postgresql
- name: postgres-data
mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
# TLS certificates from Kubernetes Secret (read-only)
- name: tls-certs-source
secret:
secretName: postgres-tls
# Writable TLS directory (emptyDir)
- name: tls-certs-writable
emptyDir: {}
# PostgreSQL configuration
- name: postgres-config
configMap:
name: postgres-logging-config
# Data persistence
- name: postgres-data
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: auth-db-pvc
```
### Why Init Container?
PostgreSQL has strict requirements:
1. **Permission Check:** Private key must have 0600 permissions
2. **Ownership Check:** Files must be owned by postgres user (UID 70)
3. **Kubernetes Limitation:** Secret mounts are read-only with fixed permissions
**Solution:** Init container copies certificates to emptyDir with correct permissions.
### Kubernetes Secret
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: postgres-tls
namespace: bakery-ia
type: Opaque
data:
server-cert.pem: <base64-encoded-certificate>
server-key.pem: <base64-encoded-private-key>
ca-cert.pem: <base64-encoded-ca-certificate>
```
Create from files:
```bash
kubectl create secret generic postgres-tls \
--from-file=server-cert.pem=infrastructure/tls/postgres/server-cert.pem \
--from-file=server-key.pem=infrastructure/tls/postgres/server-key.pem \
--from-file=ca-cert.pem=infrastructure/tls/postgres/ca-cert.pem \
-n bakery-ia
```
---
## Redis TLS Configuration
### Server Configuration
Redis TLS is configured via command-line arguments:
```yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: redis
namespace: bakery-ia
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: redis
image: redis:7-alpine
command:
- redis-server
- --requirepass
- $(REDIS_PASSWORD)
- --tls-port
- "6379"
- --port
- "0" # Disable non-TLS port
- --tls-cert-file
- /tls/redis-cert.pem
- --tls-key-file
- /tls/redis-key.pem
- --tls-ca-cert-file
- /tls/ca-cert.pem
- --tls-auth-clients
- "no" # Don't require client certificates
env:
- name: REDIS_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: bakery-ia-secrets
key: REDIS_PASSWORD
volumeMounts:
- name: tls-certs
mountPath: /tls
readOnly: true
- name: redis-data
mountPath: /data
volumes:
- name: tls-certs
secret:
secretName: redis-tls
- name: redis-data
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: redis-pvc
```
### Configuration Explained
- `--tls-port 6379`: Enable TLS on port 6379
- `--port 0`: Disable plaintext connections entirely
- `--tls-auth-clients no`: Don't require client certificates (use password instead)
- `--requirepass`: Require password authentication
### Kubernetes Secret
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: redis-tls
namespace: bakery-ia
type: Opaque
data:
redis-cert.pem: <base64-encoded-certificate>
redis-key.pem: <base64-encoded-private-key>
ca-cert.pem: <base64-encoded-ca-certificate>
```
Create from files:
```bash
kubectl create secret generic redis-tls \
--from-file=redis-cert.pem=infrastructure/tls/redis/redis-cert.pem \
--from-file=redis-key.pem=infrastructure/tls/redis/redis-key.pem \
--from-file=ca-cert.pem=infrastructure/tls/redis/ca-cert.pem \
-n bakery-ia
```
---
## Client Configuration
### PostgreSQL Client Configuration
Services connect to PostgreSQL using asyncpg with SSL enforcement.
**Connection String Format:**
```python
# Base format
postgresql+asyncpg://user:password@host:5432/database
# With SSL enforcement (automatically added)
postgresql+asyncpg://user:password@host:5432/database?ssl=require
```
**Implementation in `shared/database/base.py`:**
```python
class DatabaseManager:
def __init__(self, database_url: str):
# Enforce SSL for PostgreSQL connections
if database_url.startswith('postgresql') and '?ssl=' not in database_url:
separator = '&' if '?' in database_url else '?'
database_url = f"{database_url}{separator}ssl=require"
self.database_url = database_url
logger.info(f"SSL enforcement added to database URL")
```
**Important:** asyncpg uses `ssl=require`, NOT `sslmode=require` (psycopg2 syntax).
### Redis Client Configuration
Services connect to Redis using TLS protocol.
**Connection String Format:**
```python
# Base format (without TLS)
redis://:password@redis-service:6379
# With TLS (rediss:// protocol)
rediss://:password@redis-service:6379?ssl_cert_reqs=none
```
**Implementation in `shared/config/base.py`:**
```python
class BaseConfig:
@property
def REDIS_URL(self) -> str:
redis_host = os.getenv("REDIS_HOST", "redis-service")
redis_port = os.getenv("REDIS_PORT", "6379")
redis_password = os.getenv("REDIS_PASSWORD", "")
redis_tls_enabled = os.getenv("REDIS_TLS_ENABLED", "true").lower() == "true"
if redis_tls_enabled:
# Use rediss:// for TLS
protocol = "rediss"
ssl_params = "?ssl_cert_reqs=none" # Don't verify self-signed certs
else:
protocol = "redis"
ssl_params = ""
password_part = f":{redis_password}@" if redis_password else ""
return f"{protocol}://{password_part}{redis_host}:{redis_port}{ssl_params}"
```
**Why `ssl_cert_reqs=none`?**
- We use self-signed certificates for internal cluster communication
- Certificate validation would require distributing CA cert to all services
- Network isolation provides adequate security within cluster
- For external connections, use `ssl_cert_reqs=required` with proper CA
---
## Deployment
### Full Deployment Process
#### Option 1: Fresh Cluster (Recommended)
```bash
# 1. Delete existing cluster (if any)
kind delete cluster --name bakery-ia-local
# 2. Create new cluster with encryption enabled
kind create cluster --config kind-config.yaml
# 3. Create namespace
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/namespace.yaml
# 4. Create TLS secrets
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/postgres-tls-secret.yaml
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/redis-tls-secret.yaml
# 5. Create ConfigMap with PostgreSQL config
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/configmaps/postgres-logging-config.yaml
# 6. Deploy databases
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/databases/
# 7. Deploy services
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/
```
#### Option 2: Update Existing Cluster
```bash
# 1. Apply TLS secrets
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/postgres-tls-secret.yaml
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/secrets/redis-tls-secret.yaml
# 2. Apply PostgreSQL config
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/configmaps/postgres-logging-config.yaml
# 3. Update database deployments
kubectl apply -f infrastructure/kubernetes/base/components/databases/
# 4. Restart all services to pick up new TLS configuration
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia \
--selector='app.kubernetes.io/component=service'
```
### Applying Changes Script
A convenience script is provided:
```bash
./scripts/apply-security-changes.sh
```
This script:
1. Applies TLS secrets
2. Applies ConfigMaps
3. Updates database deployments
4. Waits for pods to be ready
5. Restarts services
---
## Verification
### Verify PostgreSQL TLS
```bash
# 1. Check SSL is enabled
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW ssl;"'
# Expected output: on
# 2. Check TLS protocol version
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW ssl_min_protocol_version;"'
# Expected output: TLSv1.2
# 3. Check listening on all interfaces
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW listen_addresses;"'
# Expected output: *
# 4. Check certificate permissions
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- ls -la /tls/
# Expected output:
# -rw------- 1 postgres postgres ... server-key.pem
# -rw-r--r-- 1 postgres postgres ... server-cert.pem
# -rw-r--r-- 1 postgres postgres ... ca-cert.pem
# 5. Verify certificate details
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- \
openssl x509 -in /tls/server-cert.pem -noout -dates
# Shows NotBefore and NotAfter dates
```
### Verify Redis TLS
```bash
# 1. Check Redis is running
kubectl get pods -n bakery-ia -l app.kubernetes.io/name=redis
# Expected: STATUS = Running
# 2. Check Redis logs for TLS initialization
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <redis-pod> | grep -i "tls"
# Should show TLS port enabled, no "wrong version number" errors
# 3. Test Redis connection with TLS
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <redis-pod> -- redis-cli \
--tls \
--cert /tls/redis-cert.pem \
--key /tls/redis-key.pem \
--cacert /tls/ca-cert.pem \
-a $REDIS_PASSWORD \
ping
# Expected output: PONG
# 4. Verify TLS-only (plaintext disabled)
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <redis-pod> -- redis-cli -a $REDIS_PASSWORD ping
# Expected: Connection refused (port 6379 is TLS-only)
```
### Verify Service Connections
```bash
# 1. Check migration jobs completed successfully
kubectl get jobs -n bakery-ia | grep migration
# All should show "COMPLETIONS = 1/1"
# 2. Check service logs for SSL enforcement
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <service-pod> | grep "SSL enforcement"
# Should show: "SSL enforcement added to database URL"
# 3. Check for connection errors
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <service-pod> | grep -i "error"
# Should NOT show TLS/SSL related errors
# 4. Test service endpoint
kubectl port-forward -n bakery-ia svc/auth-service 8001:8001
curl http://localhost:8001/health
# Should return healthy status
```
---
## Troubleshooting
### PostgreSQL Won't Start
#### Symptom: "could not load server certificate file"
**Check init container logs:**
```bash
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <pod> -c fix-tls-permissions
```
**Check certificate permissions:**
```bash
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <pod> -- ls -la /tls/
```
**Expected:**
- server-key.pem: 600 (rw-------)
- server-cert.pem: 644 (rw-r--r--)
- ca-cert.pem: 644 (rw-r--r--)
- Owned by: postgres:postgres (70:70)
#### Symptom: "private key file has group or world access"
**Cause:** server-key.pem permissions too permissive
**Fix:** Init container should set chmod 600 on private key:
```bash
chmod 600 /tls/server-key.pem
```
#### Symptom: "external-db-service:5432 - no response"
**Cause:** PostgreSQL not listening on network interfaces
**Check:**
```bash
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW listen_addresses;"'
```
**Should be:** `*` (all interfaces)
**Fix:** Ensure `listen_addresses = '*'` in postgresql.conf
### Services Can't Connect
#### Symptom: "connect() got an unexpected keyword argument 'sslmode'"
**Cause:** Using psycopg2 syntax with asyncpg
**Fix:** Use `ssl=require` not `sslmode=require` in connection string
#### Symptom: "SSL not supported by this database"
**Cause:** PostgreSQL not configured for SSL
**Check PostgreSQL logs:**
```bash
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <db-pod>
```
**Verify SSL configuration:**
```bash
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <db-pod> -- sh -c \
'psql -U $POSTGRES_USER -d $POSTGRES_DB -c "SHOW ssl;"'
```
### Redis Connection Issues
#### Symptom: "SSL handshake is taking longer than 60.0 seconds"
**Cause:** Self-signed certificate validation issue
**Fix:** Use `ssl_cert_reqs=none` in Redis connection string
#### Symptom: "wrong version number" in Redis logs
**Cause:** Client trying to connect without TLS to TLS-only port
**Check client configuration:**
```bash
kubectl logs -n bakery-ia <service-pod> | grep "REDIS_URL"
```
**Should use:** `rediss://` protocol (note double 's')
---
## Maintenance
### Certificate Rotation
Certificates expire October 2028. Rotate **90 days before expiry**.
**Process:**
```bash
# 1. Generate new certificates
cd infrastructure/tls
./generate-certificates.sh
# 2. Update Kubernetes secrets
kubectl delete secret postgres-tls redis-tls -n bakery-ia
kubectl create secret generic postgres-tls \
--from-file=server-cert.pem=postgres/server-cert.pem \
--from-file=server-key.pem=postgres/server-key.pem \
--from-file=ca-cert.pem=postgres/ca-cert.pem \
-n bakery-ia
kubectl create secret generic redis-tls \
--from-file=redis-cert.pem=redis/redis-cert.pem \
--from-file=redis-key.pem=redis/redis-key.pem \
--from-file=ca-cert.pem=redis/ca-cert.pem \
-n bakery-ia
# 3. Restart database pods (triggers automatic update)
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia \
-l app.kubernetes.io/component=database
kubectl rollout restart deployment -n bakery-ia \
-l app.kubernetes.io/component=cache
```
### Certificate Expiry Monitoring
Set up monitoring to alert 90 days before expiry:
```bash
# Check certificate expiry date
kubectl exec -n bakery-ia <postgres-pod> -- \
openssl x509 -in /tls/server-cert.pem -noout -enddate
# Output: notAfter=Oct 17 00:00:00 2028 GMT
```
**Recommended:** Create a Kubernetes CronJob to check expiry monthly.
### Upgrading to Mutual TLS (mTLS)
For enhanced security, require client certificates:
**PostgreSQL:**
```ini
# postgresql.conf
ssl_ca_file = '/tls/ca-cert.pem'
# Also requires client to present valid certificate
```
**Redis:**
```bash
redis-server \
--tls-auth-clients yes # Change from "no"
# Other args...
```
**Clients would need:**
- Client certificate signed by CA
- Client private key
- CA certificate
---
## Related Documentation
### Security Documentation
- [Database Security](./database-security.md) - Complete database security guide
- [RBAC Implementation](./rbac-implementation.md) - Access control
- [Security Checklist](./security-checklist.md) - Deployment verification
### Source Documentation
- [TLS Implementation Complete](../TLS_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md)
- [Security Implementation Complete](../SECURITY_IMPLEMENTATION_COMPLETE.md)
### External References
- [PostgreSQL SSL/TLS Documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/ssl-tcp.html)
- [Redis TLS Documentation](https://redis.io/docs/manual/security/encryption/)
- [TLS Best Practices](https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/)
---
**Document Version:** 1.0
**Last Review:** November 2025
**Next Review:** May 2026
**Owner:** Security Team